Project work packages are typically decomposed into smaller components called activities to provide a basis for（）scheduling, executing, and monitoring and controllingthe proj ect work.

该题的关键词为"scheduling、executing、monitoring、controlling"，其语句结构为''Project work packages（主语）are typically decomposed into（谓语）smaller components"，含义为"项目工作包通常被分解为更小的活动"，分析后得知空白处的选项应该和上述的关键词为并列的词语，且顺序排列在其他的关键词之前，因而只能选择选项B，因为只有首先进行项目估算，才能制定项目进度，然后才能执行和监控，其他选项不符合题意。